Recent developments in satellite technology are reshaping the aerospace and defense landscape, particularly with advancements in autonomous surveillance systems and innovative propulsion technologies. As we approach the end of 2025, key players in the industry are making significant strides that will likely influence satellite operations and capabilities in the coming years.
BAE Systems and DARPA: Pioneering Autonomous Space-Based Surveillance
On December 10, 2025, BAE Systems announced a groundbreaking contract with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to enhance autonomous space-based surveillance technology. This initiative represents a pivotal shift towards embedding autonomy in space sensors, allowing for improved tracking and identification capabilities directly from orbit. The focus is on on-board processing, which is expected to reduce reliance on ground-based systems, thus decreasing latency and enhancing the survivability of surveillance operations.
The integration of advanced sensor modules, such as those featuring Advanced 9-DOF MEMS IMUs that combine gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetic sensors, will likely play a crucial role in these autonomous systems. These technologies offer exceptional stability and comprehensive motion-sensing capabilities, vital for maintaining accurate tracking in the challenging space environment.
Industry Trends: Preparing for 2026
In a year-end overview published by Via Satellite on December 2, 2025, industry experts highlighted ten emerging technology trends poised to shape the space and satellite sector in 2026. Among these, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) across satellite payload processing and constellation operations stood out. AI integration is expected to streamline operations, enhance decision-making, and automate complex processes.
One of the most promising developments is the advancement of Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) propulsion technologies. VLEO operations are becoming increasingly feasible due to recent breakthroughs in materials and drag compensation systems. These innovations enable satellites to operate at lower altitudes, resulting in higher throughput and reduced latency for communication services. As a result, companies are now exploring modular, standards-based ground segments that can effectively compete with vertically integrated Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations, such as Starlink and Amazon Kuiper.
NASA’s Retrospective: 25 Years of ISS Technology
NASA recently published an insightful retrospective on 25 years of technology development from the International Space Station (ISS), emphasizing its contributions to space exploration and satellite capabilities. This overview detailed how on-orbit technology demonstrations have informed advancements in spacecraft power systems, additive manufacturing, and communication technologies.
Innovations such as roll-out solar arrays and on-orbit 3D printing have shown great potential in improving the power-to-mass ratios of satellite designs, thereby reducing the overall launch costs while increasing operational flexibility. The insights gained from ISS technology maturation are instrumental in guiding future satellite subsystem designs, particularly in the realms of high-precision navigation systems that utilize fiber optic sensing coils for enhanced stability and precision in challenging environments.
The Future of Satellite Technology
As the aerospace and defense sectors continue to evolve, the integration of emerging technologies in satellite operations will be critical. The recent contract between BAE Systems and DARPA underscores a strong commitment to developing autonomous surveillance capabilities, which could redefine how satellites operate in both military and civilian applications.
Furthermore, the anticipated trends for 2026, including the emphasis on AI applications and VLEO propulsion advancements, indicate a shift towards more adaptive and efficient satellite systems. As companies align their strategies with these trends, the focus will likely remain on creating interoperable systems that leverage standards-based designs.
Conclusion
The advancements in satellite technology, driven by key contracts, industry insights, and retrospective learnings, paint a promising picture for the future of aerospace and defense. With a clear trajectory towards autonomy, improved propulsion systems, and enhanced operational efficiencies, stakeholders in the satellite industry are poised for transformative changes. As we move forward, the convergence of these technologies will not only enhance surveillance capabilities but also broaden the scope of applications for satellite systems across various sectors.
References
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BAE Systems to advance autonomous space-based surveillance technology for DARPA (www.baesystems.com) - 12/11/2025 BAE Systems to advance autonomous space-based surveillance technology for DARPA … 10 December 2025. Business Electronic Systems (Inc.) FAST Labs …
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25 Years of Space Station Technology Driving Exploration (www.nasa.gov) - 12/11/2025 After 25 years of habitation, the International Space Station continues to be a proving ground for technology that powers NASA’s Artemis …
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Marking the End of 2025 | December 2025 - Via Satellite (interactive.satellitetoday.com) - 12/2/2025 This year I tackled “10 Tech Trends to Impact the Space and Satellite Industry,” talking to experts like retired Lt. Gen. John Shaw, former …
